![]() For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. ![]() The small sample size of the studies and the observed heterogeneity make generalisable conclusion difficult. Tuning fork test data could not be pooled however, sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood. The specificity of the tests was highly heterogeneous, ranging from 18% to 95%.īased on the studies in this review, tuning fork tests have some value in ruling out fractures, but are not sufficiently reliable or accurate for widespread clinical use. Objectives To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests to identify stress fractures in the lower limb. The sensitivity of the tuning fork tests was high, ranging from 75% to 100%. The prevalence of fracture ranged from 10% to 80%. We uniquely use tuning forks tuned at frequencies close to the identified modal frequencies of tibia to generate high amplitude low frequency vibration, and we. The studies included patients with an age range 7-60 years. ![]() We included six studies (329 patients), with two types of tuning fork tests (pain induction and loss of sound transmission). Made of aluminum alloy, the main purpose of this tuning fork is to test hearing, but can also be used to examine and evaluate other medical conditions. The primary outcome measure was the accuracy of the test as measured by its sensitivity and specificity with 95% CIs. Data were extracted to form 2×2 contingency tables. Use of a Tuning Fork for Fracture Evaluation: An Introduction for Education and Exposure J Spec Oper Med. Patients who have a temporal bone fracture and CSF otorrhea should be hospitalized. Two reviewers independently reviewed the list of potentially eligible studies and rated the studies for quality using the QUADAS-2 tool. The Weber and Rinne tuning fork tests Physical examination Worldwide, about. Tuning fork test can be used in conjunction with other tests such as the aforementioned Ottawa knee rule to strengthen your hypothesis for possible fracture however it may be more appropriate for rural and remote settings where access to diagnostic imaging is limited. We manually searched the reference lists of any review papers and any identified relevant studies. We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, AMED, EMBASE, Sports Discus, CAB Abstracts and Web of Science from commencement to November 2012. Systematic review of primary studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of tuning fork tests for the presence of fracture. To determine the diagnostic accuracy of tuning fork tests for detecting fractures. The prevalence of fracture ranged from 10 to 80.Two studies used the tuning fork test to investigate any suspected fracture, 2,6 one suspected femoral neck fractures, 7one ankle inversion.
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